5.3 金融犯罪的影响-Effects of financial crime
正如本专题开头所强调的，金融犯罪可能产生毁灭性影响，超出金融影响的范围，包括人民、社区和国家。对于银行本身来说，以下是成为金融犯罪的一方（无论多么不知不觉）而产生的两个关键风险。
As highlighted at the start of this topic, financial crime can have devastating effects, expanding beyond financial implications to include people, communities and countries. For banks themselves, the following are two key risks that arise from becoming party – however unwittingly – to financial crime.
声誉风险-Reputational risk
卷入重大洗钱或恐怖主义融资事件的银行的声誉将受到损害，这可能比任何罚款都要昂贵。此外，一家银行越是被认为在控制金融犯罪方面薄弱，它对犯罪分子的吸引力就越大，作为代理银行的吸引力就越小。许多银行都经历了一个合理化其代理银行网络的过程，以避免在没有足够高的合规标准的情况下暴露于银行。这个过程被广泛称为”去风险化“。
Banks that become involved in a major money‑laundering or terrorist‑financing incident will suffer damage to their reputation that may prove more costly than any fines imposed. Additionally, the more that a bank is perceived认为 to be weak in its control of financial crime, the more attractive it becomes to criminals and the less attractive it becomes as a correspondent bank. Many banks have undergone a process of rationalising their correspondent banking network to avoid potential exposure to banks without sufficiently high standards of compliance. This process is widely known as ‘de‑risking’.
代理银行-CORRESPONDENT BANK
“代表其他金融机构（通常是外国银行）作为代理人的银行或金融机构”（Bankrate，2018）。提供的服务包括跨境支付、资金管理、外汇和国际投资。
“Banks or financial institutions that act as an agent on behalf of other financial institutions, usually foreign banks” (Bankrate, 2018). Services offered include cross‑border payments, treasury management, foreign exchange and international investments.
法律风险-Legal risk
对违反与金融犯罪有关的条例的处罚可能从对金融机构的罚款到极端情况下的银行执照损失不等。个人可能被禁止在金融业工作，并可能面临监禁。因此，银行必须确保所有雇员都了解他们根据法律所承担的义务，并接受定期培训。
The penalties for breaching regulations relating to financial crime can range from fines on financial institutions to, in extreme cases, loss of banking licences. Individuals may be prevented from working in the finance industry and potentially face imprisonment. A bank must, therefore, ensure that all employees are informed of their obligations under the law and receive regular training.
每家银行都必须有书面的政策和程序，以应对与金融犯罪有关的犯罪升级。从业人员必须了解这些程序，并知道他们必须向谁报告怀疑。
Every bank must have written policies and procedures for escalating suspicions related to financial crime. Practitioners must be aware of these procedures and know to whom they must report suspicions.
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