11.1.2 贸易融资和供应链金融之间的差异-Differences between trade finance and supply chain finance
对比：与贸易融资不同，”供应链融资“一词相对较新，许多融资机构将贸易融资作为对单一的、非常狭窄的应付账款融资产品的描述，而其他提供商则使用该术语来指代更广泛的解决方案系列，通常包括应收款、应付账款和库存品。
The term ‘supply chain finance’, unlike trade finance, is relatively new and was adopted by many finance providers as a description of a single, very narrow, payables finance product, while others used the term to refer to a much wider family of solutions, often incorporating receivables, payables and inventory.
相比之下，”贸易融资”一词已经普遍使用了几个世纪。一般是接受是指银行通过控制与相关货物装运有关的文件进行中介。
The term ‘trade finance’, by contrast, has been in common usage for centuries. It is generally accepted to refer to the intermediation by banks through the control of documents relating to the shipment of the underlying goods.
贸易和供应链金融之间的区别随着技术化而变得模糊。开发和数字化扩大了数据驱动型解决方案的规模，以降低风险和金融。尽管如此，下表说明了倾向于导致某些关键特征解决方案被贴上”贸易融资”的标签，而其他解决方案则被贴上”供应链金融”的标签。
The distinction between trade and supply chain finance is becoming blurred as technological developments and digitisation increase the scale of data‑driven solutions for risk mitigation and finance. Nevertheless, Table illustrates the key characteristics that tend to result in certain solutions being labelled ‘trade finance’ and others ‘supply chain finance’.
贸易融资和供应链金融的特点-CHARACTERISTICS OF TRADE FINANCE AND SUPPLY CHAIN FINANCE
| Characteristic-特征 | Trade finance- 贸易融资 |
Supply chain finance- 供应链金融 |
| Level of bank intermediation (risk mitigation, finance andpayment)
银行介入程度（风险缓解、融资和付款） |
More likely to be high. 更可能高。 Trade finance solutions incorporate all three elements through control of shipping documents. 贸易融资解决方案通过控制装运单据纳入了所有三个要素。 |
More likely to be low. 更可能低。Supply chain finance was developed in the open account space, where bank intermediation was limited to making the payment. 供应链金融在赊账空间中发展，银行中介所在的位置仅限于付款。 |
| Transactional security (title to goods, control of goods and security interest in receivable) 交易担保（货物所有权、货物管制和应收款上的担保权益） |
More likely to be high. 更可能高。 Trade finance solutions have the potential to incorporate all three elements through control of shipping documents and associated security documentation. 贸易融资解决方案有可能通过控制装运单据和相关安全单据来纳入所有这三个要素。 |
More likely to be low. 更可能低。 Due to the relative lack of intermediation, the potential to exercise transactional control is more limited, though a security interest 由于相对缺乏中介，行使事务控制的潜力是更有限，尽管是担保权益 |
| Basis of finance availability 融资可得性的基础 |
More likely to be transactional. 更有可能是事务性的。.In order to benefit from transactional security, high levels of transactional control are required.This is more likely to be achievable when finance is made available on a transactional basis. 为了从中受益事务安全性，高级别事务控制是必需的。这更有可能实现当资金在事务基础。 |
More likely to be flow-based. 更有可能是基于流程。 The greater efficiency and lower handling costs associated with flow-based financing are among the reasons for the trend away from traditional trade finance. 与基于流程的融资相关的更高效率和更低的处理成本是倒在放弃传统贸易融资原因之一。 |
| Pre- and post-shipment Finance 装运前和装运后的融资 |
More likely to be high. 更可能高。 Trade finance instruments and structures facilitate finance across the end-to-end trade cycle, from purchase order to payment. 贸易融资工具和结构有助于从采购订单到付款的整个端到端贸易周期的融资 |
More likely to be restricted to post-shipment. 更有可能被限制在装运后。 Supply chain finance solutions tend to be basedon invoices. 供应链金融解决方案往往基于发票。 |
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