3.2.2 制裁-Sanctions
制裁-Sanctions
英国为实现一系列目的而采取的措施。这些包括遵守履行联合国和其他国际义务，支持外交政策和国家安全目标，以及维护国际和平与安全，防止恐怖主义。
“[. . .] measures that the UK puts in place to fulfil a range of purposes. These include complying with UN and other international obligations, supporting foreign policy and national security objectives, as well as maintaining international peace and security, and preventing terrorism.” (GOV.UK, 2020).
任何违反制裁的行为，即使是无意的，也可能导致监禁，巨额罚款和对声誉的重大损害。运输船只可能违反此类制裁。通过受制裁国家/地区的运输必然导致违反这些制裁，即使有关货物从未被违反离开船只，直到他们到达最终目的地。例如，2018年8月，美国因违反联合国与朝鲜的贸易限制而对中国、俄罗斯和新加坡的船只实施制裁。
Any breach of sanctions, even if inadvertent, could result in a prison sentence, a heavy fine and major damage to reputation. Carrying vessels can be in breach of such sanctions. Shipping via countries that are subject to sanctions will invariably result in a breach of those sanctions, even if the goods concerned never leave the ship until they reach the ultimate destination. For example, in August 2018 the US implemented sanctions on ships from China, Russia and Singapore for violating UN trade restrictions with North Korea (Haynes, 2018).
其他运输工具，如空运或陆运，也可能受到制裁。如果货物由制裁名单上的运输公司发送，或由受制裁国家的政府或居民拥有，这也将导致违反规则。保险公司、货运代理和检测机构等中介机构也可能受到制裁。
Other means of transport, such as air or land transport, can also be subject to sanctions. If the goods are despatched by a transport company that is on a sanctions list or owned by a government or resident of a country subject to sanctions, this will also result in a breach of the rules. Intermediaries such as insurance companies, forwarders and surveyors can be subject to sanctions as well.
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