世界贸易组织-World Trade Organisation (WTO)
世贸组织成立于1995年，前身是关税及贸易总协定。目前（2021年3月），世贸组织有164个成员，并成功缔结了16项不同的多边协定（所有世贸组织成员都是其缔约方）（世贸组织，2021年）。（The WTO was formed in 1995 and arose from the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade. At the time of writing (March 2021), the WTO had 164 members and had successfully concluded 16 different multilateral agreements (to which all WTO members are parties) (WTO, 2021).）
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贸易便利化协定-Trade facilitation agreement
经世贸组织三分之二成员批准，多边贸易便利化协议于2017年生效。它涵盖了加快货物（包括过境货物）的流动、放行和清关的规定，以及海关与其他有关当局就贸易便利化和海关合规问题进行有效合作的措施。（A multilateral trade facilitation agreement ratified by two‑thirds of the WTO’s membership came into force in 2017. It contains provisions for expediting the movement, release and clearance of goods, including goods in transit as well as measures for effective co‑operation between customs and other appropriate authorities on trade facilitation and customs compliance issues (WTO, 2018).）
自由贸易壁垒的增加-Rise in barriers to free trade
中国和美国作为世界上最大的两个经济体卷入了这场场关于关税的斗争，提高了全球自由贸易壁垒。他们对彼此价值数十亿美元的商品征收关税。（China and the USA, the world’s two largest economies, have been involved in a battle about tariffs that has raised barriers to free trade worldwide. They have imposed tariffs on billions of dollars’ worth of one another’s goods. At the time of writing (March 2021), negotiations are still ongoing.）
世贸组织介入，帮助争端各方达成协议。
Trading nations often find that they have conflicting interests. The WTO steps in to help disputing parties reach agreement.
It provides: “a forum for negotiating agreements aimed at reducing obstacles（障碍） to international trade and ensuring a level playing field for all, thus contributing to economic growth and development [and] [. . .]
a legal and institutional framework for the implementation（实现）and monitoring（检测）of these agreements, as well as for settling disputes arising from their interpretation and application.” (WTO, 2021)
知识点：
Roles played by the World Trade Organization (WTO)
1.Negotiation of agreements
2.Constructing the legal framework of agreements
3.Dispute resolution
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