3.8.8 使用支票的缺点-Disadvantages of using cheques
在某些国家/地区，将支票寄出国外可能会违反买方政府的外汇管制规定。买方的银行和受益人的银行通常对处理此类支票收取高额费用。
In some countries, sending a cheque abroad may contravene the exchange control regulations of the buyer’s government. The buyer’s bank and the beneficiary’s bank usually impose heavy charges for handling such cheques.
在收取支票的时间与买方银行实际汇出资金的时间之间不可避免地存在延迟。加快支票清算过程的一种方法是使用”密码箱”设施，这对于向美国销售并由买方支票付款的卖家特别有用。买方被指示将支票邮寄到美国的邮局（PO）箱地址。当地银行每天至少打开一次”密码箱”，并开始清算支票。这个过程大大减少了清算时间，因为支票本身不必从美国到原籍国再返回。银行可以通过与国外代理银行安排来组织”密码箱”设施。
There is an inevitable delay between the time when the cheque is collected and the time when funds are actually remitted by the buyer’s bank. One method of speeding up the process of clearing cheques is to use a ‘lockbox’ facility, which is particularly useful for sellers who sell to the USA and who are paid by the buyer’s cheque. The buyer is instructed to post the cheque to a post office (PO) box address in the USA. A local bank opens the ‘lockbox’ at least once a day and initiates the clearing of the cheques. This process dramatically reduces the clearing time because the cheque itself does not have to go from the USA to the originating country and back again. Banks may be able to organise ‘lockbox’ facilities by making arrangements with correspondent banks abroad.
支票结算
CHEQUE CLEARING
出示支票获得付款的过程。
The process of presenting cheques for payment.
美国每天使用超过2000万张支票，但这只是20年前（美联储，2021年）的三分之一。在许多地区，特别是欧洲，支票的使用正在迅速下降，一些地方已经完全取消了支票，如比利时，荷兰，芬兰和波兰。
Over 20m cheques are used in the USA every day, but this is just a third of the total presented 20 years ago (Federal Reserve, 2021). In many regions, particularly Europe, the use of cheques is declining rapidly, and some places have eliminated them altogether, such as Belgium, the Netherlands, Finland and Poland.