降低风险- Risk mitigants
Various measures are available to parties doing international business wishing to mitigate risks.
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1.与当地国际商会建立关系-Connect with the local chamber of commerce
Most chambers of commerce provide services that facilitate trade（推动贸易）. They also act as conduits（渠道） to other service providers that can help with communication, translation, training and education, documentation and legal advice. Sometimes a chamber of commerce may help disseminate（传达） information about standards, protocols（协议） and interpretations（解释） of legal issues. This information could cover areas such as payment for transportation or other services.
2.银行或其他融资机构-Banks and other finance providers
All finance providers aim to reduce the effect of unexpected changes in foreign exchange rates through methods such as forward exchange contracts.
Banks also provide specific undertakings or guarantees to cover counterparty risk. These include documentary credits（信用证）, and indemnities（担保） for release of goods without bills of lading.
3.专业货物代理-Specialist freight forwarders
These exist to facilitate the safe transport of goods.
4.保险-Insurance
There are various versions of marine and cargo insurance available to reduce exposures incurred while goods are in transit.
5.政府部门或准政府部门-Government or quasi-government agencies
These can provide insurance against buyer default and can provide guarantees to help sellers to obtain finance that may not be commercially available.
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