5.2 金融犯罪的形式-Forms of financial crime
5.2.1 Money laundering
5.2.2 Main methods used in trade‑based money laundering
5.2.3 Terrorist financing
5.2.4 Sanctions evasion
5.2.5 Sanctions relating to terrorist financing
5.2.6 Sanctions screening
5.2.7 Proliferation and proliferation financing
5.2.8 Other forms of financial crime
在接下来的部分中，我们将介绍洗钱，恐怖主义融资，逃避制裁以及导致金融犯罪的潜在活动。
In the sections that follow we will cover money laundering, terrorist financing, sanctions evasion and the underlying activities that drive financial crime.
洗钱-Money laundering
这是指隐瞒通过贩毒等刑事犯罪获得的资金来源的行为。您将在 5.2.1 节中了解有关此内容的更多信息。
This refers to the act of concealing the origins of money that has been obtained through criminal offences such as drug trafficking. You will learn more about this in section 5.2.1.
恐怖主义融资-Terrorist financing
资助恐怖主义融资是一个相当直截了当的问题，但很难找到恐怖分子的普遍定义。你将在第5.2.2节中更多地了解金融行动特别工作组（FATF）和联合国（UN）使用的恐怖主义行为定义。
Defining terrorist financing is a fairly straightforward matter, but it is difficult to find a universal definition of a terrorist. You will learn more about the definition of terrorist acts used by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF) and the United Nations (UN) in section 5.2.2.
逃避制裁-Sanctions evasion
实施国际制裁是为了威慑和惩罚破坏和平世界秩序稳定的活动。您将在第 5.2.3 节中了解有关制裁以及如何规避制裁的更多信息。
International sanctions are put in place to deter and punish activity that destabilises the peaceful world order. You will learn more about sanctions and how they are evaded in section 5.2.3.
基础活动-Underlying activities
The following are some of the underlying activities that drive financial crime.
1.人口拐卖 – “…通过武力、欺诈或欺骗招募、运送、转移、窝藏或接收人员，目的是利用他们牟利。所有年龄和各种背景的男人、妇女和儿童都可能成为这种罪行的受害者，这种罪行发生在世界每个地区。
Human trafficking – “… the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of people through force, fraud or deception, with the aim of exploiting them for profit. Men, women and children of all ages and from all backgrounds can become victims of this crime, which occurs in every region of the world.” (UNODC, no date a)
2.移民走私 – “…为经济或其他物质利益，为非正常进入移徙者非国民或非居民的国家提供便利。
Migrant smuggling – “… the facilitation, for financial or other material gain, of irregular entry into a country where the migrant is not a national or resident.” (UNODC, no date b)
3.非法药物 – 《2020年世界毒品报告》详细列出了2018年估计有2.69亿非法药物使用者。这占全球人口的5.3%
Illegal drugs – The World Drug Report 2020 details an estimated 269m users of illegal drugs in 2018. This represents 5.3% of the global population (UNODC, 2020).
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