2.3.3 合资企业：银行如何提供帮助-Joint ventures: how banks can help
建议-Advice
Some provide advice on the following questions:
•股权还是贷款注资更好？与股息相比，利息如何征税，反之亦然？
Is an equity stake or a loan capital injection better? How is interest taxed when compared with dividends, and vice versa?
•是否有任何海外外汇管制可能影响股息或资本汇回本国？
Are there any overseas exchange controls that could affect remittance of dividends or capital back to the home country?
•是否存在征用或国家违约的可能性（基于政治和经济报告）？
Is there a likelihood of expropriation or country default (based on political and economic reports)?
信用替代担保-Credit replacement guarantees
银行可以通过为合资企业所在国的另一家银行开具担保，帮助提供当地融资。
Banks can help to provide local financing by issuing a guarantee in favour of another bank in the country where the joint venture is based.
That local bank will then provide financing to the joint venture in the form of loans, overdraft facilities, investment credits, etc. If the joint venture is not able to fulfil its obligations under the credit facilities信贷安排, the local bank will be compensated by the bank that issued the guarantee. This enables the local bank to provide financing to the joint venture.
介绍信-Letters of introduction
银行还可以向信誉良好的当地律师或会计师提供介绍信。
Banks may be able to provide letters of introduction to a reputable local lawyer or accountant.
**EXPROPRIATION-征用
国家或当局从其所有者处夺取财产供公众使用或受益的行为。
“The action by the state or an authority of taking property from its owner for public use or benefit.”
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