3.2.3 先决条件-Prerequisites
Once the seller and buyer are satisfied as to each other’s integrity and the legality（诚信和合法性） of the transaction, negotiations can begin. In the negotiation stages of a contract, a purchase order（采购订单） or a pro forma invoice（形式发票）may be issued. The two parties will need to enter into a binding contract（具有约束力的合同），which will cover, among other things:
**笔记：磋商的步骤，从采购订单、性质发票到具有约束力的正式合同。以下几个关键点**
- 付款条件（赊账、跟单托收、跟单信用证或提前付款）
the terms of payment (open account, documentary collection, documentary credit or
payment in advance); - 付款货币的面额
the denomination of the currency in which payment is to be made ; - 货物如何发送以及谁负责流程的各个阶段的详细信息。
details of how the goods are to be despatched and who is responsible for the various stages of the journey.
It is vital that the commercial contract stipulates which Incoterms® rule will apply. Full details of Incoterms® 2020 (produced by ICC and applicable worldwide) are provided in Topic 6, together with details of the various documents required.
**笔记：卖方注意单据的正确性，避免买房借机压价。**
Sellers must take care to ensure that the goods shipped and any relevant documents are in accordance with the pro forma invoice, or the buyer may be able to refuse to accept/pay for the goods or may try to negotiate a lower price.
Once the commercial contract and Incoterms® rule have been agreed, each party can make appropriate arrangements for transportation (as described in section 3.3).
**笔记：在实践中，贸易机构或商会或货运代理通常能够帮助办理关税（如增值税）、报关单、进口许可证以及可能适用于特定国家或交易的任何其他出口手续。**
In practice, trade bodies or chambers of commerce, or a freight forwarder, will normally be able to help with documentation for duty (such as value added tax), customs declarations, import licences and any other export formalities that may apply to the specific country or transaction.
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