5.2.4 逃避制裁Sanctions evasion
制裁是一种工具，可以用来要求个人、组织或国家遵守特定的规则或法律。大多数制裁是出于经济和（或）政治动机，可能包括冻结资产，包括付款;冻结资产;贸易限制;停止外交、文化和体育交流;甚至军事干预。制裁可由国家和超国家机构发布，并可采取不同形式。它们可以是预防性的，也可以是反应性的，也可以是国内或国际的焦点。
“Sanctions are a tool that can be used to persuade an individual, organisation or country to conform to specific rules or laws. Most sanctions are economically and/or politically motivated and may encompass the freezing of assets, including payments; restrictions on trade; cessation of diplomatic, cultural, and sport exchanges; and even military intervention. Sanctions may be issued by national and supranational bodies and can take on different forms. They can be preventative or reactive in nature, as well as domestic or international in focus.
虽然可以实施一系列不同的制裁，但对金融机构影响最大的制裁是金融制裁。这些通常限制或禁止将资金或经济资源转移给某些个人，实体甚至国家。
“制裁最常在国际上使用：
While a range of different sanctions may be applied, those most often impacting on financial institutions are financial sanctions. These generally restrict or prohibit the passing of funds or economic resources to certain individuals, entities, or even countries.”
“Sanctions are most often used internationally:
1.改变特定国家或政权的行为
to change the behaviour of a specific country or regime;
2.向特定国家或政权施压以取得成果
to pressure a specific country or regime to achieve an outcome;
3.防止资助恐怖主义
to prevent the financing of terrorism;
4.当国际和平与安全受到威胁时
when international peace and security is threatened;
5.当所有外交努力都失败时
when all diplomatic efforts have failed.”
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