11.3.1 交易周期分析-Trade cycle analysis I
对公司贸易周期的深入分析使融资提供商能够了解客户在风险缓解，融资和支付方面的需求。
The in‑depth analysis of the trade cycle of a company enables the finance provider to understand the needs of its clients in terms of risk mitigation, finance and payments.
然而，进行有效的贸易周期分析也直接使客户受益。通过向客户”回放”交易周期分析的结果，融资提供商使客户能够看到他们的交易安排对其现金转换周期的影响。
However, undertaking effective trade cycle analysis also directly benefits the client. By ‘playing back’ the outcome of the trade cycle analysis to the client, the finance provider is enabling the client to see the impact of their trading arrangements on their cash conversion cycle.
贸易周期分析过程从对物理供应链的详细分析开始。该分析的范围将取决于客户的规模及其经营所在的行业。
The trade cycle analysis process starts with a detailed analysis of the physical supply chain. The scope of this analysis will depend on the size of the client and the sector it operates in.
了解中小企业-Understanding SMEs
例如，如果一个中小企业客户从某一特定地区的几家主要供应商那里购买成品，并在其本国市场以标准付款条件销售这些产品，那么在单一视图中对中小企业客户的整个业务进行分析是可行的。
For example, if an SME client is purchasing finished products from a few major suppliers in one particular region and selling those products on standard payment terms in its home market, it will be feasible to undertake an analysis of the SME client’s entire business in a single view.
了解大型企业-Understanding larger corporates
另一方面，一家较大的公司可能有多个贸易周期，这取决于它在哪里以及如何采购其产品，组件或原材料，以及在哪里以及如何销售其成品或”子组件”。
On the other hand, a larger corporate may have multiple trade cycles depending on where and how it is sourcing its products, components or raw materials, and where and how it is selling its finished products or ‘sub‑assemblies’.
在这种情况下，贸易周期分析将在”业务线”级别进行，并且可能需要编制许多不同的分析。
In such a case, the trade cycle analysis will be pitched at the ‘line of business’ level and may require a number of different analyses to be compiled. These will then have to be weighted and placed into a comprehensive summary that gives a clear picture of the client’s overall business. No matter which approach is appropriate, the intention is to add quantitative and qualitative detail to the high‑level view of the client’s role in the physical supply chain.
定量细节-Quantitative detail
这为资金缺口、风险敞口和付款流向提供了明确性。应检查的领域包括：
This provides clarity regarding funding gaps, risk exposures and payment flows. Areas that should be examined include:
1.event timings;活动时间
2.values;
3.credit periods;
4.lead times (the period between commitment and shipment);交货时间（承诺和装运之间的期限）
5.transit times;运输时间
6.shipment methods;
7.suppliers (including manufacturers, wholesalers, producers, growers, extractors – who they are and where they come from);供应商（包括制造商，批发商，生产商，种植者，提取者 – 他们是谁以及他们来自哪里）
8.buyers (who they are and where they come from);
9.inspection; and
10.insurance.
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