11.6供应链金融创新-Innovation in supply chain finance I
11.6 Innovation in supply chain finance II
11.6.1 Dynamic discounting
电子发票的发展 Developments in e‑invoicing
实体供应链和金融供应链的数字化一直是大力发展和投资的主题。公司已经以电子方式相互发送采购订单。电子发票的增长也使贸易方之间能够进行更直接的电子通信。
The digitisation of both the physical supply chain and the financial supply chain has been the subject of a great deal of development and investment. Companies already send purchase orders to each other electronically. The growth of e‑invoicing has also enabled a more immediate electronic communication between trading parties.
电子提单和其他电子单据 E‑bills of lading and other electronic documents
正在进行的数字化其他关键文件（如检查报告）的发展以及电子提单的创建将简化向完全数字化和透明的贸易和交易周期的转变。
Ongoing development to digitise other key documents, such as inspection reports, and the creation of an e‑bill of lading will ease the transformation to a completely digitised and transparent trade and transaction cycle.
请注意，在大多数法域，普通法或大陆法不承认电子提单，因此在技术上不是可转让的所有权凭证。没有可供任何人拥有的实际提单，因此不会产生对其中所述货物拥有所有权的”持有人”的概念。此类解决方案的提供商，如Bolero和ESSDOCS，运行着一个基于成员资格的系统，要求所有各方签署一个共同的规则手册。从本质上讲，它们是封闭的生态系统，其中所有权转让记录在数字所有权登记处，所有各方都受制于共同合同。
Note that e-bills of lading are not recognised in common law or civil law in most jurisdictions and are not, therefore, technically negotiable documents of title. There is no actual bill of lading for anyone to possess, therefore the concept of a ‘holder’ having title rights to the goods described therein does not arise. Providers of such solutions, such as Bolero and ESSDOCS, operate a membership-based system whereby all parties are required to sign-up to a common rulebook. In essence, they are closed ecosystems in which transfers of title are recorded in a digital title registry and all parties are subject to a common contract.
最近的技术发展现在使创建“数字原始文档”成为可能它区分了原件和副本，允许持有人拥有原始数字文件并通过交付转移原始文件。这复制了纸面文档的特性，但避免了与纸面文档相关的许多缺点（例如，易受欺诈影响、文档管理成本、与在当事方之间传输文档相关的成本和延迟以及原始文档丢失的风险）。这项技术有可能制作真正的数字提单，即可转让的所有权凭证。由于海事法的复杂性，这些障碍现在主要是法律上的，而不是技术上的。
Recent technological developments now make it possible to create a ‘digital original document’which distinguishes between an original and a copy, allows a holder to have possession of the original digital document and to transfer the original by delivery. This replicates the properties of paper documents but avoids the many disadvantages associated with paper documents (e.g. susceptibility to fraud, cost of document management, cost and delay associated with transferring documents between parties and risk of loss of the original document). This technology has the potential to enable the creation of genuine digital bills of lading which are negotiable documents of title. The obstacles are now primarily legal rather than technological, due to the complexity of maritime law.
这种技术的早期应用可能是提单和本票等可转让支付票据的数字化。法律挑战不那么复杂，几个司法管辖区正在取得进展，以更新管理可转让支付工具的立法，以明确允许数字版本。
An earlier application of this technology is likely to be the digitisation of negotiable payment instruments such as bills of lading and promissory notes. The legal challenges are less complex and progress is being made in several jurisdictions to update the legislation governing negotiable payment instruments to explicitly allow digital versions.
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